Wednesday, March 4, 2009

Stem Cells Give Brit Tot Sight



This story was just published by The Sun.  You can find the original story HERE.

LITTLE Dakota Clarke beams as she recognises her mum and dad for the first time.

The two-year-old, who was born blind, has been declared a 'miracle' by her parents after undergoing pioneering sight-saving treatment in China.

Dakota is the first British child to undergo the procedure.

And the £30,000 treatment, which involves stem cells being fed into her forehead, has allowed her to gaze at people, objects, colours and lights around her.

The cheerful tot, who suffers from Septo-Optic Dysplasia, also suffered by Katie Price’s son Harvey, six, responded quickly compared to previous patients.

Now delighted mum Wilma, 28, and dad Darren, 34, from Newtonabbey, Northern Ireland, hope she’ll keep improving.

With nurse ... Dakota in China

With nurse ... Dakota in China

Barcroft Media

Dakota nearly died at birth and spent much of her short life in hospital.

Her condition meant she was registered blind, had poor growth, balance issues and needed two people holding her hands to help her walk.

She also had severe bowel problems and could not use the toilet herself.

But after just three weeks of stem cell treatment Dakota is able to recognise people and objects without touching them.

Dakota can also walk with just one parent holding her hand, and is using the toilet easily without the help of medication.

Mum Wilma, speaking from Qingdao, southern China, said: “We didn’t know if the treatment would work, and people kept telling us it was too experimental, but we had to do this.

“It’s been worth every single penny to see the changes in her.”

Miracle

“It’s nothing short of a miracle for us,” added Darren, who gave up work to help look after Dakota. “She can see the world for the first time.

“Last week she pointed at a hairbrush across the room and shouted ’brush’. I almost cried with happiness.

“Her balance is so improved and she can now walk beside me only holding on with one hand. Previously she would veer in circles and fall over.”

Darren and Wilma exhausted the medical options in the UK before setting up a fund and raising the money for the treatment.

Brave Dakota has been given an intravenous feed of stem cells into her hairline every day for a fortnight.

Stem cells are the building blocks of a human being, dividing and mutating in the womb to create different body parts.

When stem cells from a baby’s umbilical cord are inserted into a patient, they travel to the areas of the body which need to be repaired, forming new healthy cells.

In Dakota’s case, the stem cells travelled towards her optic nerve, repairing the damaged area, towards her brain to improve her balance, and to her bowel.

Darren said: “Her eyes used to wobble all over the place, independently and randomly. But now she can follow objects from several feet away.

“She’s far from having 20/20 vision yet - but if more treatments will help then we’ll raise the money somehow.”

Only about 15 people worldwide have tried the new treatment in China for Dakota’s condition.

The stem cells used at the Chinese clinic come from umbilical cords donated by mothers in local hospitals after giving birth.

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

Types of Stem Cells

Stem cells are the original (primordial) cells produced in the human body, with the capability to differentiate along any line or into any type of cell (Totipotent). They divide and multiply within the human body. The first stem cells originate within the developing embryo (blastocyst). These embryonic stem cells have to ultimately create the entire human body.
Umbilical stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord of a full term live birth, not from an aborted fetus. This type of stem cell therapy or treatment involves the introduction of healthy new stem cells into the body to repair and replace damaged or lost cells.

A History of Stem Cell Therapies

Types of Stem Cells

Understanding Stem Cell Therapies

How Do The Stem Cells Work?

Types of Stem Cells

MSC ONLY advocates the use of umbilical stem cells derived from live full term healthy births.

Whole Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy- Involves the use of stem cells derived from full term births which were donated with informed consent. It is customary that after the birth of a newborn child, the hospital destroys the waste products such as the umbilical cord and placenta. When permission is given by the parents, research goes forward and the umbilical cord is sent to the laboratory to be tested for many diseases and the different stem cells are harvested. Unlike embryonic or fetal stem cells, cord stem cells are programmed to rapidly support the development and growth of all body systems, and are pluripotent (capable of differentiating into every single specialized body cell.

Purified and Potentiated Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy- Involves the use of proprietary protocols to remove the white and red blood cells from cord blood leaving only stem cells. This process negates the risk of Graft versus Host disease and the need for type and cross matching of the patient's blood. Post thaw viability is potentiated with special freeze media.

Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy- Involves the use of cells extracted from a five day old in vitro fertilized embryo. The viability of this cell type is limited, because only small numbers of cells can be derived from an embryo. They need to be expanded in the lab, currently with an animal intermediary which limits their use in humans. Also, these cell lines are strictly regulated by the US Government.

Fetal Stem Cell Therapy- Involves the use of human fetuses aborted between the first and third month of conception. Retrieval of fetal stem cells in adequate numbers is limited.

Adult Stem Cell Therapy- Involves the use of stem cells derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and some tissues. Adult stem cells are understood to be 1/1000 as powerful as cord stem cells since they have endured age stresses, toxicity of daily living, and often disease. Their use is limited by the risk of Graft versus Host disease and often a problem of finding an HLA-matched donor.

Fetal Sheep Stem Cells- Involves using fetal sheep cells from aborted sheep fetuses. Once injected into the human body, these cells are short-lived and do not seem to replicate for a long period of time within the human body.

History of Stem Cells

The use of stem cell medicine was first used in 1956 by Dr. E. Donnall Thomas, a bone marrow transplant specialist. He administered donor adult stem cells to a leukemia patient who went into complete remission. Dr. Thomas and Joseph E. Murray are co-winners of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine for their contribution to discoveries concerning cell and organ transplantation in the treatment of human diseases.

Cord blood stem cells have been used in the treatment of blood cancers and/or blood diseases since 1988. That same year, Elaine Gluckman replaced allogenic cord blood for a bone marrow transplant in order to treat Fanconi Anemia, a rare recessive blood disorder. The child remains completely disease free.

Also in 1988 at the University of Wisconsin, James Thompson isolated the first embryonic stem cells from a blastocyst of a five day old in vitro fertilized egg. This discovery provoked a multitude of scientific studies, research documents, and heated debates over the ethical issues surrounding embryo destruction for medical purposes.

In 2001, treatment protocols were developed which permitted the removal of white blood cells from the umbilical cord, making the treatment safe with no risk of Graft-Versus-Host disease.

In 2002, Catherine Verfaillie at the University of Minnesota proved that CD34+ stem cells from bone marrow could repopulate every single cell in a developing mouse. This study prompted more studies using adult stem cells to generate far more than just blood cells. It was proven that there are great potentials for adult stem cells to treat a wide range of blood diseases, cancers, degenerative diseases, and injuries. Studies were later released which proved that adult stem cells have the power to rebuild or reconstruct every cell in the body, not just the blood cells.

In 2004, Duke University published data from a human study confirming the Verfaillie study. The study featured the heart treatment of a boy who received CD34+ stem cells derived from donated umbilical cord blood. Not only did the investigation show differentiation to neurons and other cell types, but also proved that cord blood stem cells:

  • Migrate to the site of disease,
  • Have the ability to differentiate into specialized heart cells,
  • Engraft yielding clinical benefits.